Summary:
Pakistan anticipates the active service launch of its first Chinese-designed Hangor-class submarine by 2026, as part of an eight-vessel deal with China. This collaboration aims to significantly enhance Pakistan’s naval capabilities, promote self-reliance through technology transfer, and strengthen strategic maritime security in the Indian Ocean region.
Pakistan’s Naval Modernization: The Hangor-Class Submarine Project
The Hangor-class submarine program marks a significant milestone for the Pakistan Navy, with the first Chinese-designed vessel slated to enter active service by 2026. This ambitious project is part of a broader agreement under which Pakistan will receive eight of these advanced submarines from China by 2028. Admiral Naveed Ashraf, Chief of Naval Staff, confirmed to Chinese state media that the deal is “progressing smoothly,” highlighting the successful launch of the second and third submarines in China earlier this year as a major achievement in naval collaboration.
Strategic Impact and Technology Transfer
This project is pivotal, not only for upgrading the Pakistan Navy’s submarine force but also for fostering self-reliance. Admiral Ashraf emphasized its contribution to technology transfer and skill development at Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works. The agreement, reportedly valued at up to $5 billion, stipulates that while the first four diesel-electric attack submarines are built in China, the remaining vessels will be assembled in Pakistan, significantly boosting the nation’s technical capabilities.
Beyond submarines, cooperation extends to other platforms. The Type 054A/P frigates, already in service with the Pakistan Navy, represent another key achievement in China-Pakistan naval partnership. These multirole frigates are considered among the most advanced surface combatants, enhancing capabilities in air defense, anti-submarine warfare, and maritime surveillance. Such platforms are crucial for ensuring maritime security in the North Arabian Sea and the broader Indian Ocean region.
Deepening Sino-Pak Naval Ties
Chinese-origin platforms and equipment have consistently proven reliable and technologically advanced, meeting the Pakistan Navy’s operational requirements. Admiral Ashraf noted the navy’s positive experiences regarding both performance and technical support. Statistics from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) show Islamabad has been Beijing’s top arms customer, acquiring over 60% of China’s weapons exports between 2020 and 2024. This long-standing partnership is built on mutual trust and shared strategic interests.
Looking ahead, the collaboration is set to expand beyond shipbuilding and training. Admiral Ashraf predicts enhanced interoperability, joint research, technology sharing, and industrial cooperation in the coming decade. Exploring advanced technologies like unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, and electronic warfare systems also remains a focus for the Pakistan Navy. SindhNews.com reported on these strategic advancements.
The introduction of advanced frigates and the eagerly awaited Hangor-class submarine has profoundly strengthened the Pakistan Navy’s operational reach and multi-domain warfighting capabilities. This partnership, transcending mere hardware acquisition, embodies a shared strategic outlook, reinforcing regional peace and stability.